Mildly relativistic magnetized shocks in electron–ion plasmas – II. Particle acceleration and heating

Particle acceleration and heating at mildly relativistic magnetized shocks in electron-ion plasma are investigated with unprecedentedly high-resolution two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that include ion-scale shock rippling. Electrons super-adiabatically heated the shock, most of energy transfer from protons to electrons takes place or downstream shock. We first demonstrate rippling is crucial for energization They remain well below equipartition protons. The electron spectra approximately thermal a limited supra-thermal power-law component. Our results discussed context wakefield modelling electromagnetic radiation blazar cores.